[分享]：我 有 一 个 梦－－小马丁．路德．金博士在历史性“华盛顿大游行”上的演讲

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我 有 一 个 梦
小马丁．路德．金博士在历史性“华盛顿大游行”上的演讲
　（于美国首都华盛顿市林肯纪念堂前，1963年8月28日）
今天能和大家在一起，我很高兴。我们今天的活动，将作为我们国家有史以来最伟大的一次争取自由运动而载入史册。
　　一个世纪前，一位了不起的美国人签署了奴隶解放宣言，而我们今天就站在他的塑像下面。对于千千万万身受不公正待遇之苦的黑奴来说，这份划时代的文件，是一座光芒万丈的希望灯塔，是结束他们被束缚之漫漫长夜的快乐黎明。
　　然而在一百年后，黑人依然未能获得自由；一百年后，黑人的命运依然被种族隔离的镣铐和歧视的锁链悲惨地束缚着，在一个巨大无边的物质繁荣海洋中，黑人却生活在贫困的孤岛上；一百年后，黑人依然在美国社会的角落中潦倒，依然在自己的土地上过着被放逐的生活。
　　因此我们今天来到这里，是要对这种耻辱的现状大声疾呼。在某种意义上，我们聚集在我们国家的首都来兑现一张支票。当共和国的缔造者写下宪法和独立宣言中的不朽文字时，他们实际上是签署了一张每个美国人都有权利继承的承诺书。这份文书承诺，所有的人，不错，黑人和白人，都被保障享有不可剥夺的生命、自由、追求幸福权利。
　　今天我们可以看得很清楚，对于美国的有色公民来说，美国并没有履行这份承诺书中的保证。美国没有能够尽到这项庄严的义务，而是给了黑人一张空头支票，一张被退回并注明“没有足够资金”的支票。然而，我们拒绝相信公正银行已经破产，我们拒绝相信在这个国家庞大的机会宝库中会没有足够的资金。因此，我们到这里来兑现这张支票，一张在需要时可以给我们带来自由之财富和公正之保障的支票。
　　我们今天来到这个神圣的地方，也是为了提醒美国，这个问题的紧迫性。现在不是缓和情绪，或服用渐进主义安定药的时候。现在是做出真正的民主承诺的时候；现在是走出种族隔离之黑暗荒芜的深谷，迈向种族公平之阳光大道的时候；现在是将我们国家，从种族不公正的流沙中拔出，安置于兄弟般情意的磐石上的时候；现在是给上帝的所有儿女公正待遇的时候。倘若我们国家忽视了这种紧迫性，其后果将是致命的。在令人振奋的自由与平等的秋天到来之前，这个由黑人的合理不满而造成的酷热夏季将不会过去。
　　一九六三年不是一个终结，而是一个开端。对于那些希望黑人只是要发泄一下情绪，并且将会安于现状的人来说，如果整个国家不改变态度的话，他们则将会被粗暴地唤醒。在黑人取得其公民权利之前，美国将永无安宁与祥和。反抗的旋风将不断地摇撼着我们国家的基础，直至出现公正的晴天。
　　然而我必须提醒大家，我们今天站在通往公正之殿堂的门槛上，这道门槛曾被千千万万的人踏过。在取得我们应有地位的过程中，我们无论如何不能采取任何错误的行动。我们不能因为渴望自由，就去饮用愤怒与仇恨之酒。我们必须始终以高层次的品格和自律来进行我们的斗争。我们决不能让富于创意的示威活动堕落成暴力行为。我们必须一次又一次地升华到以心灵力量对付肉体暴力的崇高境界。目前充满黑人社区的新斗争精神是非常好的，但决不能造成我们对所有白人的不信任。因为我们的许多白人兄弟，正如他们今天加入我们的行列所显示的那样，已经认识到他们的命运与我们的命运紧密地系在一起。并且他们已经认识到，他们的自由与我们的自由也是不可分割的。我们不能独自前进。并且在我们的进程中，我们必须发誓我们将一直向前走，我们绝不能走回头路。
　　有些人责问民权运动的积极分子说：“如何才能让你们满意？”只要黑人还受害于警察兽行之难以言述的恐怖，我们就绝不会满意；只要我们经过长途跋涉而疲惫不堪的肉体，无法在公路边的汽车旅店和城市中的旅馆内得到休息，我们就绝不会满意；只要黑人的基本迁徙，只是从一个较小的黑人区搬到一个较大的黑人区，我们就绝不会满意；只要我们的孩子，因为“只限白人”的标志而被剥夺自我和伤及自尊，我们就绝不会满意；只要密西西比州的黑人还不能投票，而纽约州的黑人也认为没有甚么事情值得投票，我们就绝不会满意。不会，坚决不会！我们没有满意，并且直到“公正像水一样流淌，而正义行为如同滚滚洪流”之前，我们将绝不会满意。
　　我知道你们中的一些人，今天来到这里，是因为你们所受的巨大苦难和压迫。有一些人刚从狭窄的牢房里走出来；还有一些人因为追求自由，而受到种种迫害，以及警察兽行的打击。你们受尽了种种痛苦，但却继续努力，坚信尝受不应有的痛苦是会有回报的。回到密西西比州去，回到阿拉巴马州去，回到南卡罗来纳州去，回到乔治亚州去，回到路易斯安那州去，回到北方城市的贫民窟和黑人区去，坚信这种情况早晚是要变的。让我们再不要在绝望的深谷里徘徊。
朋友们，这就是我要向大家说的，尽管我们在今天和明天会遇到许多困难，我仍然有一个梦，这是一个发源于美国梦的梦。这就是有朝一日，这个国家终将会站立起来，真正履行其信条：“我们认为所有人生来平等是不言自明的真理。”
我有一个梦，有朝一日在乔治亚州的丘陵地带，奴隶的后代与奴隶主的后代，将能够兄弟般地相处。
我有一个梦，有朝一日甚至密西西比州，这个充满不平与压迫的州，将转化成一片自由与公正的绿洲。
我有一个梦，我的四个孩子，有朝一日将可以生活在这样一个国度里：在此人们不是根据他们的肤色，而是根据他们的品行来衡量他们。
　　我今天有一个梦！
　　我有一个梦，有朝一日在阿拉巴马州，尽管目前有许多恶毒的种族主义者，尽管州长叫嚷着要与联邦政府对抗，有朝一日在阿拉巴马州，黑人孩子与白人孩子将会像兄弟姊妹那样亲密无间。
　　我今天有一个梦！
　　我有一个梦，有朝一日所有的深谷会被填平，每一座大山都会被挖低，崎岖的地方将变成平原，而扭曲的场合将被修直，“主的光辉将被全人类所共同瞻仰。”
　　这就是我们的希望，这就是我将带回南部的信念。持此信念，我们能够移去绝望的大山，这座山是一块压抑希望的巨石。持此信念，我们能够将我们国家这些刺耳的不谐和音，转化成一曲展现兄弟情意的华丽交响乐。持此信念，我们能够共同努力、共同祈祷、共同斗争、共同坐牢、共同维护自由，坚信有一天我们终将会成为自由人。并且这将是，这将是上帝的所有儿女们能够以全新的意义共同歌唱的一天：“我的祖国是一片自由的土地，我的父辈为了这片土地而牺牲，清教徒为这片土地而自豪；从每一个山脚，让自由之声回响。”如果美国要成为一个伟大的国度，这一条必须要实现。
　　因此，让自由之声在新罕布夏州的大山顶上回响，让自由之声在纽约州的巨峰上回响，让自由之声在宾西法尼亚州高耸入云的阿勒格尼山上回响，让自由之声在科罗拉多州白雪盖顶的落矶山上回响，让自由之声在加利福尼亚州崎岖不平的土地上回响。然而这还不够，还要让自由之声在乔治亚州的石头山上回响，让自由之声在田纳西州的了望山上回响，让自由之声在密西西比州的每一座山上回响。从每一个山脚，让自由之声响彻云霄！
当这一天来临时，当我们可以让自由之声回响，当我们让它在每个村落、每个州和每个城市回响时，我们离这样的日子就不远了：到那时，上帝的所有儿女们，黑人和白人、犹太人和异教徒、新教徒和天主教徒，将可以手拉手站在一起，同声歌唱古老的黑人圣歌：“终于自由了，终于自由了；感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了！”　
　　
附：马丁．路德．金 的“我有一个梦”的演讲的英语原文
I have a Dream
by Martin Luther King, Jr.
Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in　Washington D.C.on August
28, 1963
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow westand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decreecame as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaveswho had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It cameas a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity .
But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that theNegro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of theNegro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation andthe chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negrolives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean ofmaterial prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is stilllanguishing in the corners of American society and finds himself anexile in his own land.
So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition.In asense we have come to our nations capital to cash a check. When thearchitects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of theConstitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signinga promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. Thisnote was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienablerights of life, liberty , and the pursuit of happiness.
It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissorynote insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead ofhonoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro peoplea bad check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But werefuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuseto believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults ofopportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check --acheck that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and thesecurity of justice.
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of thefierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury ofcooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now isthe time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregationto the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open thedoors of opportunity to all of God's children . Now is the time tolift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to thesolid rock of brotherhood. It would be fatal for the nation tooverlook the urgency of the moment and to under estimate thedetermination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro'slegitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigoratingautumn of freedom and equality.
Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hopethat the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be contentwill have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business asusual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America untilthe Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds ofrevolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation untilthe bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something that I must say to my people who stand onthe warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In theprocess of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty ofwrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedomby drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must foreverconduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physicalviolence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights ofmeeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancywhich has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrustof all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidencedby their presence here today, have come to realize that theirdestiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom isinextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as wewalk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannotturn back .
There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "Whenwill you be satisfied ? "We can never be satisfied as long as ourbodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging inthe motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannotbe satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from asmaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as longas a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New Yorkbelieves he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are notsatisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls downlike waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of greattrials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrowcells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest forfreedom left you battered by the storms of persecution andstaggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been theveterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faiththat unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, goback to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go backto the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing thatsomehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallowin the valley of despair.
I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficultiesand frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dreamdeeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one daythis nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of itscreed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men arecreated equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons offormer slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able tosit down together at a table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desertstate, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, willbe transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nationwhere they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by thecontent of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor'slips are presently dripping with the words of interposition andnullification, will be transformed into a situation where littleblack boys and black girls will be able to join hands with littlewhite boys and white girls and walk together as sisters andbrothers.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, everyhill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be madeplain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the gloryof the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see ittogether.
This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to theSouth.
With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain ofdespair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able totransform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautifulsymphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to worktogether, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jailtogether, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will befree one day.
This will be the day when all of God's children will be able tosing with a new meaning, "My country, `it is of thee, sweet land ofliberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of thepilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring."
And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. Solet freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Letfreedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedomring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California!
But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain ofGeorgia!
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!
Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every villageand every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be ableto speed up that day when all of God's children, black men andwhite men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will beable to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negrospiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we arefreeat last!"

New117

梦想是起点到另一个起点的催化剂

qinchao_qc

最好有原声音频下载.

hongdouli

应该好好学习此文