A simple command to perform a matrix transformation on entity

csharp

http://through-the-interface.typepad.com/through_the_interface/2010/12/a-simple-command-to-perform-a-matrix-transformation-on-an-autocad-entity-using-net.html

A simple command to perform a matrix transformation on an AutoCAD entity using .NET
As promised in the last post and based on the overwhelming feedback in the one before that,  today we’re starting a series on how to transform AutoCAD geometry.
Before developing a fancy modeless GUI to make this really easy, we need a base command that can do the hard work. What’s needed from our basic command is the following:

• Get a single entity from the pickfirst set (which will help us when calling the command from our modeless UI)
  
  • If there isn’t one selected, ask the user for it
    
• Get the property name to transform
  
  • Only for writeable Point3d and Vector3d properties
    
    • The list of valid properties will be populated in our GUI, so we shouldn’t need much validation
      
  • If none is entered, we just transform the whole entity
    
• Get the matrix contents as a comma-delimited string
  
  • We’ll then decompose it into the 16 doubles required to define a Matrix3d
    
• Transform the property (or the whole entity) by the provided matrix
  
  • We will use Reflection to get and set the Point3d/Vector3d property value
    

To understand some of the underlying concepts, let’s talk a little about transformation matrices.
We need 4 x 4 matrices when working in 3D space to allow us to perform a full range of transformations: translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring and projection. We could achieve some of these using 3 x 3 matrices, but some of these – particular translation, but probably some of the others (I’m not 100% certain of the specifics) – need the additional cells.
We’ll be looking into different transformation matrix types in more detail when we have a simple UI to play around with them, but for now let’s focus on a simple scaling matrix.

2	0	0	0
0	2	0	0
0	0	2	0
0	0	0	1

When we apply this transformation to an entity, it is basically used to multiply the relevant properties (and basically scales them by a factor of 2).
Let’s see what that means by applying this scaling transformation to the 3D point (5, 5, 0), which could be the centre point of a circle (for instance). We need to add a unit entry (1) to the point, to make it compatible with a 4 x 4 matrix.

2	0	0	0		5
0	2	0	0	*	5
0	0	2	0		0
0	0	0	1		1

Now if we follow the rules of matrix multiplication, we can see that our resultant point is calculated like this:

a	b	c	d		r		a*r + b*s + c*t + d*u
e	f	g	h	*	s	=	e*r + f*s + g*t + h*u
i	j	k	l		t		i*r + j*s + k*t + l*u
n	o	p	q		u		n*r + o*s + p*t + q*u

This page has a nice graphical representation of multiplying a matrix with a vector.
Which means for us, specifically:

2	0	0	0		5		10 + 0 + 0 + 0
0	2	0	0	*	5	=	0 + 10 + 0 + 0
0	0	2	0		0		0 + 0 + 0 + 0
0	0	0	1		1		0 + 0 + 0 + 1

And so our transformed point – which is the top three values of the resultant 4-cell matrix – is (10, 10, 0).
Now let’s see the C# code to transform an entity by a user-specified matrix:

using Autodesk.AutoCAD.ApplicationServices;

using Autodesk.AutoCAD.EditorInput;

using Autodesk.AutoCAD.DatabaseServices;

using Autodesk.AutoCAD.Geometry;

using Autodesk.AutoCAD.Runtime;

using System.Reflection;

namespace Transformer

{

  public class Commands

  {

    [CommandMethod("TRANS", CommandFlags.UsePickSet)]

    static public void TransformEntity()

    {

      Document doc =

        Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument;

      Database db = doc.Database;

      Editor ed = doc.Editor;

      // Our selected entity (only one supported, for now)

      ObjectId id;

      // First query the pickfirst selection set

      PromptSelectionResult psr = ed.SelectImplied();

      if (psr.Status != PromptStatus.OK || psr.Value == null)

      {

        // If nothing selected, ask the user

        PromptEntityOptions peo =

          new PromptEntityOptions(

            "\nSelect entity to transform: "

          );

        PromptEntityResult per = ed.GetEntity(peo);

        if (per.Status != PromptStatus.OK)

          return;

        id = per.ObjectId;

      }

      else

      {

        // If the pickfirst set has one entry, take it

        SelectionSet ss = psr.Value;

        if (ss.Count != 1)

        {

          ed.WriteMessage(

            "\nThis command works on a single entity."

          );

          return;

        }

        ObjectId[] ids = ss.GetObjectIds();

        id = ids[0];

      }

      PromptResult pr = ed.GetString("\nEnter property name: ");

      if (pr.Status != PromptStatus.OK)

        return;

      string prop = pr.StringResult;

      // Now let's ask for the matrix string

      pr = ed.GetString("\nEnter matrix values: ");

      if (pr.Status != PromptStatus.OK)

        return;

      // Split the string into its individual cells

      string[] cells = pr.StringResult.Split(new char[] { ',' });

      if (cells.Length != 16)

      {

        ed.WriteMessage("\nMust contain 16 entries.");

        return;

      }

      try

      {

        // Convert the array of strings into one of doubles

        double[] data = new double[cells.Length];

        for (int i = 0; i < cells.Length; i++)

        {

          data = double.Parse(cells);

        }

        // Create a 3D matrix from our cell data

        Matrix3d mat = new Matrix3d(data);

        // Now we can transform the selected entity

        Transaction tr =

          doc.TransactionManager.StartTransaction();

        using (tr)

        {

          Entity ent =

            tr.GetObject(id, OpenMode.ForWrite)

            as Entity;

          if (ent != null)

          {

            bool transformed = false;

            // If the user specified a property to modify

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(prop))

            {

              // Query the property's value

              object val =

                ent.GetType().InvokeMember(

                  prop, BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, ent, null

                );

              // We only know how to transform points and vectors

              if (val is Point3d)

              {

                // Cast and transform the point result

                Point3d pt = (Point3d)val,

                        res = pt.TransformBy(mat);

                // Set it back on the selected object

                ent.GetType().InvokeMember(

                  prop, BindingFlags.SetProperty, null,

                  ent, new object[] { res }

                );

                transformed = true;

              }

              else if (val is Vector3d)

              {

                // Cast and transform the vector result

                Vector3d vec = (Vector3d)val,

                        res = vec.TransformBy(mat);

                // Set it back on the selected object

                ent.GetType().InvokeMember(

                  prop, BindingFlags.SetProperty, null,

                  ent, new object[] { res }

                );

                transformed = true;

              }

            }

            // If we didn't transform a property,

            // do the whole object

            if (!transformed)

              ent.TransformBy(mat);

          }

          tr.Commit();

        }

      }

      catch (Autodesk.AutoCAD.Runtime.Exception ex)

      {

        ed.WriteMessage(

          "\nCould not transform entity: {0}", ex.Message

        );

      }

    }

  }

}

Now let’s use the TRANS command to transform a couple of entities:

We’ll use TRANS to apply the above scaling transformation matrix to the whole circle and then to the EndPoint of the line:

Command: TRANS

Select entity to transform: <selected the circle>

Enter property name:

Enter matrix values: 2,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,1

Command: TRANS

Select entity to transform: <selected the line>

Enter property name: EndPoint

Enter matrix values: 2,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,1

With these results:

I understand this is quite a tricky topic, so I’d appreciate your feedback: does this initial explanation help, at all? Does the level of detail work for you?
In the coming posts we’ll be looking at more complex transformation matrices – and using a GUI to play around with them – but hopefully this introductory post is a reasonably helpful start.

csharp

其中一句要修改如下
                for (int i = 0; i < cells.Length; i++)
                {
                    data[i] =  System .Convert .ToDouble( cells[i]);
                }