[分享]：如何用AutoCAD绘制三维螺旋楼梯

taozk

一、〖说明〗

　　本例程能够绘制建筑中的三维螺旋楼梯。根据指定的参数：圆心点、梯级高、最窄梯级宽、楼梯宽度、扶手高、底板厚度和层高，程序将自动计算并绘制出以3dface和tabsurf组成的三维螺旋楼梯模型。程序能在R12至R14版的AutoCAD中运行。

二、〖安装〗

　　将"程序代码"一节的文本裁剪下来，保存成名为"3DSP.LSP"的文本文件；将这个文件拷贝到AutoCAD的系统目录中。

三、〖使用〗

　　在AutoCAD命令行键入：(load "3dsp")然后执行：3dsp，按程序中的提示操作即可。
四、〖程序代码〗


;;;begain 3dsp.lsp
(defun dtr (r)
(* r (/ pi 180.0)))
(defun rtd (r)
(* r (/ 180.0 pi)))

(defun 3dsp_err (s)
(if (not (member s (list "console break"
"Function cancelled"
"quit/exit abort")))
(princ (strcat "\n3DSP Error:" s))
)
(if cmd (setvar "cmdecho" cmd))
(if bli (setvar "blipmode" bli))
(if cla (setvar "clayer" cla))
(if os1 (setvar "osmode" os1))
(princ)
)

(defun spinfo (/ ht) ; staircase parameter
(setq cp (getpoint "\n螺旋梯圆心点: ")
lp (getpoint cp "\n首级内圆起始点: ")
riser (getdist "\n梯级高: ")
step (getdist "\n内圆最窄梯级宽: ")
wide (getdist "\n楼梯宽度: ")
hrl (getdist "\n扶手高: ")
thi (getdist "\n底板厚度: ")
ht (getdist "\n层高: ")
case (fix (/ ht riser))
riser (/ ht case)
ls (sqrt (+ (expt riser 2) (expt step 2)))
a (/ riser ls) ; sin A
b (/ step ls) ; cos A
c lp
)
); end SPINFO

(defun spcalc (/ os1)
(setq os1 (getvar "osmode"))
(initget "L R B N")
(setq ans (getkword "\n选择扶手(L)左/(R)右/(B)双边/(N)无: "))
(if (not ans)(setq ans "N"))
(setq blksp (open "blksp.lst" "r"))
(if (not (equal blksp nil))
(setq blk (read-line blksp))
)
(if (equal blk nil)
(setq blk "sp1")
(setq blk (strcat "sp"
(itoa (1+ (atoi (substr blk 3)))))
)
)
(setq r (distance cp lp))
(setq ang (/ step r)) ; determines the angle of the step
(setq ac (angle cp lp))
(setq rp (polar lp ac wide)
lp1 (list (car lp) (cadr lp) riser)
lp4 (list (car rp) (cadr rp) riser)
count 0
el riser
al ang
)
(setq diag (+ ac ang))
(setq lp2 (list (car (polar cp diag r))
(cadr (polar cp diag r))
riser)
lp3 (list (car (polar cp diag (+ r wide)))
(cadr (polar cp diag (+ r wide)))
riser)
lh (polar cp (+ ac (/ ang 2)) (+ r (/ wide 15))) ; left bottom hrl
lh1 (list (car lh) (cadr lh) (+ (caddr lh) riser))
lh2 (list (car lh1) (cadr lh1) (+ (caddr lh1) hrl)); left top hrl
sht (polar cp diag (+ r (/ wide 15)))
shb (polar cp ac (+ r (/ wide 15)))
sh1 (list (car shb) (cadr shb) (+ (caddr shb) (+ hrl (/ riser 2))))
sh2 (list (car sht) (cadr sht) (+ (caddr sht) hrl (* riser 1.5)))
)
(setq tlp (list (car lp) (cadr lp) (- (caddr lp) (/ thi b)))
tl1 (list (car lp2) (cadr lp2) (- (caddr lp2) (/ thi b)))
trp (list (car rp) (cadr rp) (- (caddr rp) (/ thi b)))
tr1 (list (car lp3) (cadr lp3) (- (caddr lp3) (/ thi b))))
(command "layer" "m" "spiral" "" ; set spiral layer and color
"layer" "c" "blue" "" "")
(setvar "osmode" 0)
(command "3dface" lp1 "i" lp2 lp3 lp4 ""; draw the step
"3dface" lp lp1 lp4 rp "" ; draw the riser
"3dface" lp3 lp4 "i" rp "" "" ; draw the right side face
"3dface" lp2 lp1 "i" lp "" "" ; draw the left side face
"3dface" "i" trp "i" rp "i" lp3 tr1 ""; draw the thickness
"3dface" "i" tlp "i" lp "i" lp2 tl1 ""
"3dface" "i" trp tlp "i" tl1 tr1 ""); draw the bottom face
(command "layer" "m" "scolumn" "" ; set handrail column layer
"layer" "c" "cyan" "" "" ; and color
"layer" "m" "shandrail" "" ; set handrail layer and
"layer" "c" "red" "" "") ; and color
(if (or (= ans "L") (= ans "B"))
(progn
(command "layer" "s" "scolumn" "")
(command "circle" lh1 (/ step 18)) ; draw the handrail column
(setq cir (entlast))
(command "line" lh1 lh2 "")
(setq lc (entlast))
(command "tabsurf" (list cir lh1) (list lc lh1))
(setq tcl (entlast))
(command "layer" "s" "shandrail" "")
(command "circle" sh1 (/ step 15) ; draw the handrail
"ucs" "y" 90)
(setq c1 (entlast)) (setq sh1r (trans sh1 0 1))
(command "rotate" c1 "" sh1r (rtd (- b))
"ucs" "")
(command "line" sh1 sh2 "")
(setq l1 (entlast))
(command "tabsurf" (list c1 sh1) (list l1 sh1))
(setq thl (entlast))
)
)
(if (or (= ans "R")(= ans "B"))
(progn ; draw the right handrail
(setq dis (- wide (* 2 (/ wide 15)))
sr1 (polar sh1 ac dis)
sr2 (polar sh2 diag dis)
rh1 (polar lh1 (+ ac (/ ang 2)) dis)
rh2 (polar lh2 (+ ac (/ ang 2)) dis )
)
(command "layer" "s" "scolumn" "")
(command "circle" rh1 (/ step 18))
(setq cir1 (entlast))
(command "line" rh1 rh2 "")
(setq rc (entlast))
(command "tabsurf" (list cir1 rh1) (list rc rh1))
(setq tcr (entlast))
(command "layer" "s" "shandrail" "")
(command "circle" sr1 (/ step 15)
"ucs" "y" 90)
(setq c2 (entlast)) (setq sr1r (trans sr1 0 1))
(command "rotate" c2 "" sr1r (rtd (- b)) "ucs" ""
"circle" sr2 (/ step 15)
"ucs" "y" 90)
(setq c3 (entlast)) (setq sr2r (trans sr2 0 1))
(command "rotate" c3 "" sr2r (rtd (- b))
"ucs" "")
(command "line" sr1 rh2 "") (setq l2 (entlast))
(command "line" rh2 sr2 "") (setq l3 (entlast))
(command "tabsurf" (list c2 sr1) (list l2 sr1)
"tabsurf" (list c3 sr2) (list l3 sr2))
(setq thr (entlast))))
(if (= ans "L")
(command "block" blk lp "c" tlp lp4 tr1 tcl thl "" "oops"))
(if (= ans "R")
(command "block" blk lp "c" tlp lp4 tr1 tcr thr "" "oops"))
(if (= ans "B")
(command "block" blk lp "c" tlp lp4 tr1 tcl tcr thl thr "" "oops"))
(if (= ans "N")
(command "block" blk lp "c" tlp lp4 tr1 "" "oops"))
(setvar "clayer" cla)
(setq count (1+ count) ; initialize counters for loop
lp (list (car (polar cp diag r))
(cadr (polar cp diag r))
riser
)
riser (+ riser el)
diag (+ ang ang ac)
)
(setvar "osmode" os1)
) ; end SPCALC

(defun sbuild (/ os1)

(command "INSERT" blk lp "" "" (rtd ang))
(setq lp (list (car (polar cp diag r))
(cadr (polar cp diag r))
riser)
count (1+ count) ; increment all counters
ang (+ ang al)
diag (+ diag al)
riser (+ riser el)
)
(if (< count case) ; get last set of coordinates
(progn ; to form ending face
(setq lp2 (list (car (polar cp diag r))
(cadr (polar cp diag r))
riser)
lp3 (list (car (polar cp diag (+ r wide)))
(cadr (polar cp diag (+ r wide)))
riser)
tl1 (list (car lp2) (cadr lp2)
(- (caddr lp2) (/ thi b)))
tr1 (list (car lp3) (cadr lp3) (- (caddr lp3) (/ thi b)))
)
)
)
) ; end SBUILD

(defun C:3DSP (/ bli cmd cla blksp cp lp riser step wide count
hrl blk thi lp1 lp2 lp3 lp4 case el rp diag al
ang a tr1 tl1 os1 olderr)
(setq olderr *error* *error* 3dsp_err)
(setq bli (getvar "blipmode")
cmd (getvar "cmdecho")
cla (getvar "clayer")
)
(setvar "blipmode" 0)
(setvar "cmdecho" 0)

(setq os1 (getvar "osmode" os1))
(setvar "osmode" 0)

(spinfo)
(spcalc)

(while (< count case)
(sbuild)
)
(command "layer" "s" "spiral" "" ; draw ending face
"3dface" "i" lp3 tr1 "i" tl1 "i" lp2 "")
(setvar "cecolor" "bylayer")
(setvar "blipmode" bli)
(setvar "cmdecho" cmd)
(setvar "clayer" cla)
(if (not (equal blksp nil))
(close blksp)
)
(setq blksp
(open "blksp.lst" "w")
)
(write-line blk blksp)
(close blksp)

(setvar "osmode" os1)
(setq *error* olderr)
(princ)
) ; end SP.LSP
(princ "\n**3D Spiral Stair Maker loaded, type '3dsp' to start.")
(princ)
;;;end 3dsp.lsp

weigang1293

我是一个新的用户，也上一个cad的初学者，谁能给我一点爱心币呀

hi71400

不能用！！！！！！！！！！！！！！（r14上）
信息：
3DSP Error:too many arguments*Cancel*

asdk

正好要用到,这下可以试试看了！谢谢.

chaoqun

我试试看！

hi71400

除了源程序有点问题，要修改后才能用外
还有两个问题呢。
1，螺旋梯居然只有起始角度而不能直接输入转了多少圈或多少度。
2，螺旋梯没分层，侧面、底板和梯面采用不同材质时就难了。
我作了很多改进，包括给出了缺省值
上传给大家。
command：zcq_3d_lxlt

psh

可以试试看了！谢谢.

laoli_001

命令是什么?
加载后,zcq_3d_lxlt不能用啊!

peter867

你说的太详细了?

saint12

最初由 hi71400 发布
[B]除了源程序有点问题，要修改后才能用外
还有两个问题呢。
1，螺旋梯居然只有起始角度而不能直接输入转了多少圈或多少度。
2，螺旋梯没分层，侧面、底板和梯面采用不同材质时就难了。
我作了很多改进，包括给出了... [/B]

不好意思，小弟不才，你的ARX好像不能用。

bdiala

有没有实例教程啊？

xiaobaoer

mms://dcinema.dreamvod.net/dcinema/twenty-256k.asf

gyy81

请问能不能把图形界面操作步骤发上来，这有些命令真的不通啊！

阿源

试试看了！谢谢.

ahaaha

好复杂阿。试试看了